Buying land is a significant investment, and one of the most important steps is verifying the land titles and documents. This ensures that the land is legally owned by the seller and free from any disputes. Here’s a straightforward guide to help you through the process.
1. Understand the Key Documents
Before you start, familiarize yourself with the key land documents:
- Deed of Assignment: This document transfers ownership of the land from the seller to the buyer. It should be registered with the state land registry.
- Certificate of Occupancy (C of O): Issued by the government, this certificate confirms that the land is legally owned by the holder for a specific period, usually 99 years.
- Survey Plan: This document shows the exact location and boundaries of the land. It should be prepared by a licensed surveyor.
- Governor’s Consent: In many states, especially in Nigeria, this is required for any land transaction. It’s an approval from the state governor that allows the transfer of ownership.
2. Visit the Land
Before diving into the paperwork, visit the land to confirm that it exists and matches the description provided by the seller. Check the boundaries and ensure that there are no encroachments or disputes with neighbours. It’s also wise to talk to people living around the area to gather information about the land.
3. Check the Survey Plan
Take the survey plan to the local Surveyor General’s office. They will confirm if the land is genuine and free from government acquisition. The survey plan should align with the official records, confirming the land’s exact location and boundaries.
4. Verify the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The next step is to verify the Certificate of Occupancy at the state land registry. This document should match the records in the registry. If the C of O is genuine, the land is likely free from legal issues. Ensure that the name on the C of O matches the seller’s name.
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5. Confirm the Deed of Assignment
The Deed of Assignment should be checked at the land registry to ensure it is duly registered and authentic. This document is crucial as it proves the transfer of ownership from the previous owner to the seller. Without this, you might be buying land from someone who isn’t the true owner.
6. Obtain the Governor’s Consent
In many places, especially in Nigeria, the Governor’s Consent is mandatory for land transactions. It is essential because it legally recognizes the transfer of ownership. Ensure that the Governor’s Consent has been obtained and is in the seller’s name.
7. Conduct a Search at the Land Registry
A search at the land registry is one of the most critical steps. It helps confirm that the land is not under any legal dispute, mortgage, or government acquisition. It also verifies the authenticity of all the documents. You can hire a lawyer or a trusted real estate professional to conduct this search on your behalf.
8. Get Legal Help
It’s advisable to hire a lawyer who specializes in real estate to help you through this process. They can guide you on what documents to verify, conduct searches, and ensure everything is in order before you make any payment.
Conclusion
Verifying land titles and documents might seem like a lot of work, but avoiding future problems is necessary. By following these steps, you can ensure the land you’re buying is legally safe and free from disputes. Always take your time and seek professional help to make the process smoother.